LARGE NUMBER

LARGE NUMBER

Large number is about  the sense of numbers that are significantly larger than those ordinarily used in everyday life. for instance in simple counting or in monetary transactions. The term typically refers to large positive integers, or more generally, large positive real numbers, but it may also be used in other contexts. Very large numbers often occur in fields such as mathematics, cosmology, cryptography, and statistical mechanics. Sometimes people refer to numbers as being "astronomically large". However, it is easy to mathematically define numbers that are much larger even than those used in astronomy. umerical digits which are considered to have higher values than those used in everyday counting, mathematics or financial transactions. Usually a positive integer and may be used to describe numbers larger than those used in fields of cosmology, statistical mechanics, astronomy or cryptography.

ü  Large  numbers with comma

In American English , use commas to separate

thousands, millions, etc.

Not this:

*21.011

*31.256.721

*941.492.638.526

But this:

21,011

31,256,721

941,492,638,526

ü  Large  numbers with hyphen

American English also uses

a hyphen ( - ) to separate "tens" words (twenty, fifty, etc.) and

"ones" words (one, three, six, etc.)

Whole numbers twenty-one through ninety-nine are hyphenated when they are written out, whether used alone or as part of a larger number, whether they are cardinal or ordinal, for example: twenty-one, twenty-first. You should also hyphenate numbers when they are part of larger numbers that are written out - but not other parts of large numbers, for example: 5,264 is written "five thousand two hundred sixty-four" and 523rd is written "five hundred twenty-third". The rule applies only to two-word numbers: 603 is written out, e.g., "six hundred three" (formal) or "six hundred and three" (informal). A whole number followed by hundred, thousand, etc., would be written as, for example, "one hundred," and not hyphenated. In a phrase like "one hundred and ten years," no hyphenation should be added. This will come in handy when you write personal checks!

Examples:

Group 1

written                 said

1,011                    one thousand eleven    

21,011                  twenty-one thousand eleven

721,011                seven hundred twenty-one thousand eleven

Group 2

written                 said

1,256,721              one million two hundred fifty-six thousand seven hundred twenty-one

31,256,721            thirty-one million two hundred fifty-six thousand seven hundred twenty-one

631,256,721          six hundred thirty-one million two hundred fifty-six thousand seven hundred twenty-one

Group 3

written                 said

1,492,638,526       one billion four hundred ninety-two million six hundred thirty-eight thousand five hundred twenty-six

                   

41,492,638,526      forty-one billion four hundred ninety-two million six hundred thirty-eight thousand five hundred twenty-six

941,492,638,526    nine hundred forty-one billion four hundred ninety-two million

six hundred thirty-eight thousand five hundred twenty-six

Ø  Special Notes:

1.In American English, the order of large numbers is

thousand, million, billion, trillion, etc. (1,000; 1,000,000;

1,000,000,000; 1,000,000,000,000; etc.)

In American English a thousand million is a billion,

but in British English, a thousand million is a milliard.

                         

2. When saying large numbers, do not make thousand,

million, billion, trillion, etc. plural.

Not this:

*twenty thousands dollars; *five millions people

But this:

twenty thousand dollars; five million people

3. People often say "a" instead of "one" before

hundred, thousand, etc. and they often add

"and" before the last number:

a hundred and twenty-one

a thousand and eleven / etc.

Ø  Examples of large numbers describing everyday real-world objects are:

·         The number of bits on a computer hard disk (as of 2010, typically about 1013, 500-1000 GB)

·         The estimated number of atoms in the observable Universe (1080)

·         The number of cells in the human body (more than 1014)

·         The number of neuronal connections in the human brain (estimated at 1014)

·         The lower bound on the game-tree complexity of chess a.k.a. the "Shannon number" (estimated at around 1043)

·         The Avogadro constant, the number of "elementary entities" (usually atoms or molecules) in one mole; the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12; (approximately 6.022 × 1023)